November 21, 2016
What is the Practice Principle?
PRACTICE PRINCIPLE: According to Clark and Mayer, the Practice Principle allows the student to engage in a sufficient amount of e-learning practice in order to acquire the necessary skills to perform a task. This should be available throughout the instructional unit. There are five Practice Principles to consider when adding them to your e-learning course. They are PRACTICE INTERACTION THROUGHOUT E-LEARNING, MIRROR THE JOB, FEEDBACK, MIX TYPES OF PRACTICE, APPLY THE MULTIMEDIA PRINCIPLES and TRANSITION FROM EXAMPLES TO PRACTICE GRADULLY. All of these principles of practice help to store information into a student's long term memory. I will highlighting 3 of these principles today.
PRACTICE PRINCIPLES DEMONSTRATED (or not):
Practice Principle 1 allows students to indicate why an answer is or is not appropriate. This exercise is used in Clarke and Mayer's text throughout their book. As the student engaged in this particular practice, I was able to decide which was the best approach for each scenario and then understand why this was or was not the right choice. Clarke and Mayer also used this practice to introduce each new principle, which helps to provide focus for the student. Once a student makes a selection, the text provides information on why an answer is correct. This type of practice should occur throughout the learning process. Below is a screenshot of Clark and Mayer's use of this technique.
Principle 2 Encourages students to Mirror the Job. It is not a enough for a student to indicate verbally that they understand a particular concept. They must be provided with an opportunity to practice what they have learned. This is clearly demonstrated through Student Teaching. Students can learn an extensive amount of information for classroom instruction but it is not until they begin to put it into practice within the classroom that their coursework begins to stick. Most universities will allow 1 - 2 years of opportunities to work in the classroom in preparation for this challenging yet rewarding career.
Principle 3 focuses on providing feedback to a student after they select an answer. Read Theory is an excellent resource in this area. Students are required to complete a reading passage and then answer reading comprehension questions about the text. Below is an example of how an explanation is shared with the student if the answer is incorrect.
BrainPOP is another website offering feedback to students while learning a particular subject. Below a student must place the events of Susan B. Anthony's life in the correct order however if a student chooses incorrectly, it will place the card back in its original place. In this way, students immediately learn that their choice was incorrect.
REFERENCES
Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011). E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designmers of multimedia learning. San Francisco: Pfeiffer
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